Technical Details

The technology and methodologies behind LiDAR property assessment

Technical Approach

This research project explores the viability of consumer-grade LiDAR and photogrammetry for professional property assessment. The technical implementation involves several key components and processes that enable accurate, accessible documentation of derelict properties.

By leveraging the latest consumer technologies, this research demonstrates how accurate property assessment can be achieved at a fraction of the traditional cost and time investment—with measurements accurate to within 3cm of professional standards.

Hardware Used

iPhone 16 Pro

Primary LiDAR scanning device

iPhone 13

Secondary scanning device

Leica Disto X4

Professional laser measuring tool

Consumer vs Professional Hardware

A key finding of this research is that consumer-grade hardware with built-in LiDAR sensors can achieve results comparable to dedicated professional scanning equipment costing 20-30 times more.

While professional hardware offers higher precision, the difference in accuracy (±3mm vs ±30mm) is negligible for most property assessment applications, making consumer technology a viable alternative for widespread adoption.

Clickable Image

Software Stack

The research utilised a combination of mobile applications and desktop software to create a complete pipeline from scanning to final model delivery:

Polycam

iOS app for LiDAR scanning and model creation

Scaniverse

Alternative iOS scanning app

Blender

3D model optimisation

Sketchfab

3D model hosting platform

Software Primary Function Key Features Limitations
Polycam LiDAR scanning Real-time feedback, high performance on complex spaces Limited processing options, subscription model
Scaniverse LiDAR scanning Better texture quality, more export options Slower processing, occasionally less stable
Sketchfab Hosting 3D Models Hosts 3D models vr/ar compatibility Privacy issues, hosting externally
Blender Model optimisation Comprehensive tools, scripting capabilities Complex interface, high skill requirements

Scanning Methodology

A structured, systematic approach to scanning ensures consistent, high-quality results even when used by non-specialists.

1

Preparation

  • Property cleanup and staging
  • Lighting setup for consistent illumination
  • Placement of reference markers
  • Equipment calibration and testing
2

Scanning

  • Room-by-room systematic approach
  • 25% overlap between scan areas
  • Careful attention to corners and edges
  • Multiple passes for complex features
3

Validation

  • Reference measurements with traditional tools
  • Feature verification and documentation
  • Quality assessment and rescan if needed
  • Initial model review before leaving site

Best Practices for Scanning

  • Scan during daylight hours when possible to maximise natural lighting
  • Move slowly and steadily to ensure proper data capture
  • Maintain a consistent distance from surfaces (1-2 metres is optimal)
  • Focus additional attention on architectural details and areas of damage
  • Keep the device in portrait orientation for vertical spaces

Scanning Time Breakdown

  • Preparation: 15-20 minutes
  • Primary scan: 20-45 minutes (depending on property size)
  • Detail capture: 10-15 minutes
  • Validation: 10-15 minutes
  • Total on-site time: 55-95 minutes

Data Processing Pipeline

Raw scan data undergoes several processing stages to create accurate, usable 3D models for property assessment:

1. Initial Scan Registration 2. Noise Reduction 3. Mesh Optimisation 4. Texture Mapping 5. File Conversion 6. Annotation

Challenges & Solutions

Several technical challenges were encountered during the research, each requiring innovative solutions:

Low Light Conditions

Challenge: Many derelict properties lack electricity, creating dark scanning environments.

Solution: Utilised LiDAR's infrared capabilities supplemented with portable battery-powered LED panels for critical areas.

Reflective Surfaces

Challenge: Windows and mirrored surfaces causing scanning artifacts.

Solution: Temporary application of non-reflective coverings and algorithmic cleaning in post-processing.

Complex Geometries

Challenge: Complex architectural details failing to scan accurately.

Solution: Supplemental photogrammetry capture and manual model adjustment for complex features.

Future Technical Developments

  • BIM Integration

    Seamless import into Building Information Modelling platforms

  • Automated Damage Detection

    Machine learning algorithms to identify structural issues

  • Measurement API

    Programmatic access to dimensional data from 3D models